One-step real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of RNA HCV to monitor patients under treatment in Brazil

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Public Health Service provides freely αPEG-IFN to treat patients infected with HCV. The primary goal of HCV therapy is the long-term elimination of HCV from the blood to reduce the risk of HCV associated complications and death. Patient viremia affects the treatment duration and response, thus influencing clinical decisions. We developed a high-throughput method to perform the quantification of RNA hepatitis C virus (HCV) virus load in plasma samples to monitor patients under treatment. The method is based on a duplex detection, in a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay and it has been validated according to the rules established by the official Brazilian regulatory agency (ANVISA). This new method was compared to a commercial kit (Cobas/Taqman HCV Test v2.0 - Roche), showing virus load results with significant correlation between them (p= 0,012) using commercial and clinical panels. In addition, 611 samples from patients treated with peguilated alfa-interferon (αPEG-IFN) from different regions of Brazil were analyzed. Our one-step real-time RT-PCR assay demonstrated good performance in viral load measurement and in treatment course monitoring, with acceptable sensitivity and specificity values.

La secuencia adenoma-carcinoma, consideraciones clínicas, patológicas y de vigilancia endoscópica / The adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Clinical, pathological and endoscopic surveillance

A case of a 84 year-old woman with a history of colonoscopy performed in May 2008, where a 5 mm polyp was detected from the hepatic flexure. It was removed by biopsy and histology showed a tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. In May 2011, the patient consulted due to mild to moderate pain in both hypochondria of 6 months of duration accompanied by bloating and belching. A control colonoscopy was indicated, which was held in June 2011, and showed a 2 cm polyp in ascending colon, this was resected with polypectomy snare. In the vicinity there was a 3-mm polyp that was removed with biopsy forceps. Histological examination showed in the bigger lesion a moderately differentiated grade 2 invasive tubular adenocarcinoma, with superficial and focal invasion of the submucosa, developed in adenoma with free surgical margin (1.7 mm), no vascular, lymphatic invasion or tumor budding were found. The smaller lesion was reported as tubular adenoma with low grade dysplasia. Colorectal cancer epidemiology, indications for controls after colonoscopic polypectomy of adenomas, especially those at high risk, histopathological risk factors for adenocarcinomas developed in adenomas and the need to monitor these patients annually with occult blood test stool are discussed between the control colonoscopies indicated.

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 84 años, con antecedentes de colonoscopia efectuada en mayo de 2008 donde se le detectó un pólipo de 5 mm del ángulo hepático del colon, el que fue extraído por biopsia y cuyo estudio histológico demostró un adenoma tubular con displasia de bajo grado. En mayo de 2011, consulta por dolor leve a moderado en ambos hipocondrios de 6 meses de evolución acompañados de meteorismo y eructos. Se indicó ileocolonoscopia, la que se realizó en junio de 2011 y demostró un pólipo del colon ascendente de 2 cm, que fue resecado con asa de polipectomía; y cercano a éste, un pólipo de 3 mm que se extirpó con pinza biopsia. El examen histológico informó adenoma tubular con displasia moderada en la lesión de menor tamaño y adenocarcinoma tubular invasor moderadamente diferenciado grado 2 de Broders, con invasión focal superficial de la submucosa, desarrollado en adenoma. Límites quirúrgicos libres de lesión, sin invasión vascular sanguínea, linfática ni budding tumoral con límite quirúrgico profundo a 1,7 mm de la lesión. Se comentan la epidemiología del cáncer rectocolónico, la indicación de los controles colonoscópicos luego de la polipectomía de los adenomas, en especial de aquellos de alto riesgo, los factores de riesgo anatomopatológicos de carcinomas desarrollados en adenomas, y la necesidad de controlar anualmente a estos pacientes con colonoscopias de vigilancia.

System for monitoring patients in hospital based on Zigbee / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a system for real-time monitoring patients Based on Zigbee.Methods A wireless monitoring system was developed,the hardware of which was based on micro-cpu of MCS08 and Zigbee chip MC13192.Results Through this wireless system,doctors and nurses could know the location and physical situation of patients in real time so that the patients who were critically ill could be treated in time and the work of doctors and nurses could be relieved.Conclusion The system for monitoring patients in hospital based on Zigbee meets the nosocomial condition and can raise curative efficiency.